All Events in Shanghai

CFIE

Embark on a culinary odyssey like no other as we delve into the vibrant world of spices and condiments at the China Food Ingredients and Condiments Expo (CFIE). This annual extravaganza, hosted in different bustling Chinese metropolises, transcends borders and cultures to unite industry pioneers, innovators, and enthusiasts in a celebration of gastronomic excellence.
Behind the curtain of the CFIE stands ITE Asia Exhibitions Limited, orchestrators of international trade fairs across Asia and visionaries with a steadfast mission: to transform the CFIE into a global epicenter of culinary innovation and discovery. With each edition, the expo emerges as a beacon of inspiration, offering a platform for stakeholders to exchange insights, unveil trends, and forge partnerships that shape the future of the food industry.
At its core, the CFIE is a tapestry woven from a kaleidoscope of flavors, textures, and aromas. From the iconic soy sauce that whispers of ancient traditions to the avant-garde starches and sweeteners that herald a new era of culinary exploration, the expo showcases the full spectrum of culinary possibilities. But it's not just about the products; it's about the stories they tell, the cultures they represent, and the passions they ignite.
Central to the CFIE experience is the celebration of Chinese cuisine, a culinary heritage steeped in tradition yet continually evolving. Here, ancient culinary secrets mingle with modern techniques, offering a tantalizing glimpse into the soul of a nation through its flavors. From fiery Sichuan peppers to delicate Cantonese sauces, the expo is a journey through the heart and soul of Chinese gastronomy.
But the CFIE is more than just a marketplace; it's a melting pot of ideas, a crucible of creativity where industry titans and emerging talents converge to shape the future of food. Exhibitors span the breadth of the industry, from spice merchants and ingredient suppliers to packaging innovators and culinary artisans, each bringing their unique vision to the table.
Beyond business, the CFIE is a feast for the senses, a carnival of culinary delights that tantalizes taste buds and ignites imaginations. From live cooking demonstrations that showcase the artistry of the chef to immersive tastings that transport attendees to distant lands, the expo is an exploration of flavor, culture, and innovation.
In essence, the China Food Ingredients and Condiments Expo is more than just an event; it's a journey—an odyssey through the rich tapestry of global cuisine, a celebration of flavors, and a testament to the transformative power of food. So join us as we embark on this epic voyage, where every spice tells a story, and every taste transports us to new horizons.

China International Tire Expo

China International Tire Expo: Asia-Pacific’s Premier Platform for the Tire and Wheel Industry

China International Tire Expo (CITEXPO) is widely regarded as the most comprehensive and influential trade fair for the tire and wheel industry in the Asia-Pacific region. Since its launch in 2003 by Reliable International Exhibition Services Co., Ltd., CITEXPO has served as a powerful marketplace for manufacturers, suppliers, traders, and buyers from around the globe to come together and shape the future of the mobility sector.

As a platform focused on both product display and business networking, the expo offers unmatched value to those involved in the production, distribution, and marketing of tire and wheel-related products and services. It’s more than a trade show—it’s where the entire industry value chain comes to life.

A Global Marketplace for Tire and Wheel Innovation

Held annually in China, one of the largest manufacturing hubs in the world, CITEXPO is strategically positioned to serve both domestic and international markets. The expo is designed to cover a broad range of categories, from raw materials and production machinery to complete tire and wheel products, making it the go-to event for decision-makers across the industry.
The Exhibit Profile Typically Includes:

Tires for passenger cars, commercial trucks, and specialty vehicles

Rims and wheels for all vehicle categories

Tire retreading materials and services

Production and inspection machinery

Aftermarket services and accessories

Industrial rubber products and tools

This diverse product representation allows attendees to explore both upstream and downstream solutions, all under one roof.

Who Benefits from CITEXPO? A Comprehensive Business Opportunity

One of the key strengths of the China International Tire Expo is its strategic inclusivity. It’s designed to provide specific benefits for various groups in the global supply chain. Whether you’re a domestic manufacturer or a foreign trader, this platform helps you meet the right people and achieve your business goals effectively.

The Expo Serves Multiple Stakeholders:

Domestic suppliers – Can meet large numbers of quality international buyers without leaving China.

Foreign suppliers – Have access to Chinese and regional buyers in one central location, reducing travel and logistics costs.

Domestic traders – Connect with both new foreign suppliers and a broad array of local manufacturers.

Foreign traders – Gain access to the largest pool of Chinese tire and wheel manufacturers in a single venue.

With its global reach and local depth, CITEXPO has grown to become one of the most successful and efficient business platforms in the automotive aftermarket space.

Beyond Product Showcases: A Strategic Business Development Platform

CITEXPO is not just about exhibiting products—it’s about forging long-term relationships, discovering new markets, and identifying cutting-edge trends. The scale and organization of the event provide fertile ground for strategic partnerships between manufacturers, distributors, and service providers.

Why CITEXPO is More Than a Trade Show:

Direct access to hundreds of qualified leads

Face-to-face networking with decision-makers

Launchpad for new product innovations

Opportunities to build partnerships with OEMs and aftermarket players

Insight into regional market trends, pricing strategies, and supply chain solutions

The expo continues to build its reputation as a high-impact, results-oriented event that caters to the evolving needs of the tire and wheel rim industry.

Innovation and Global Trends on Display

As the industry undergoes major transformations due to electrification, automation, and changing consumer preferences, CITEXPO remains a reliable mirror of the sector’s evolution. Many exhibitors use the event as a stage to unveil technological advancements and environmentally friendly alternatives that meet global compliance standards.
Examples of Emerging Trends:

Sustainable tire manufacturing materials

Smart tires with embedded sensors

Lightweight and aerodynamic rim designs

Energy-efficient tire compounds for electric vehicles

Tire recycling and circular economy innovations

These developments are not just concepts—they’re practical solutions that are actively changing the way tire and wheel companies operate and compete in a demanding marketplace.

CITEXPO as a Strategic Investment for Business Growth

Attending the China International Tire Expo is not just about visibility—it’s about real business outcomes. With its high visitor-to-exhibitor ratio and targeted audience, the expo generates an ideal environment for companies to promote their offerings, analyze market demand, and adapt their strategies accordingly.

Whether you're launching a new product or expanding your distributor network, this event offers:

Measurable ROI through onsite sales and deal-making

Brand exposure to thousands of relevant industry contacts

Valuable insights into one of the world’s largest tire markets

Opportunities to align with the latest manufacturing standards and trends

CITEXPO—A Global Powerhouse in Tire and Wheel Trade

The China International Tire Expo continues to set the benchmark for tire and wheel trade fairs around the world. With its extensive product scope, high-quality exhibitor base, and consistently strong international attendance, it offers an unmatched experience for professionals across the industry.

For anyone involved in tires, rims, machinery, or aftermarket services, CITEXPO is more than just an event—it’s a catalyst for growth, collaboration, and innovation in one of the automotive world’s most essential sectors.

China International Furniture Fair

The China International Furniture Fair (CIFF) in Shanghai is a landmark event in the global furniture industry, renowned for its rich history and significant impact. Established in 1998, CIFF has grown into one of the world’s most influential furniture trade fairs, with 53 successful sessions held to date. Since 2015, the fair has taken place annually in two locations: the Spring session in Pazhou, Guangzhou, and the Autumn session in Hongqiao, Shanghai. These events have become a pivotal part of the global furniture calendar, attracting top brands, designers, and professionals from across the globe.

Each year, CIFF brings together over 6,000 leading furniture brands, both domestic and international, offering a comprehensive showcase of the latest trends, innovations, and designs in the industry. This vast array of exhibitors spans various categories, including home furniture, office furniture, outdoor furniture, and the latest in materials and accessories. With an estimated 500,000 professional visitors attending across both sessions, the fair has become an essential platform for business, networking, and discovering cutting-edge design concepts that shape the future of furniture and interiors.

The influence of CIFF extends far beyond the exhibition halls. The fair's location in Shanghai, a hub of commerce and innovation, contributes to the city's growing reputation as a key player in the global design and furniture industries. The same can be said for Guangzhou, which has become synonymous with manufacturing and trade. Together, these cities, situated in the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta regions, represent the dynamic heart of China’s economy, offering an ideal backdrop for CIFF’s global reach and influence.

In addition to serving as a major trade platform, CIFF also plays a vital role in facilitating international exchange, helping professionals from different regions of the world connect and collaborate. The fair not only highlights traditional and contemporary furniture designs but also places significant emphasis on new technologies, sustainable practices, and the future of living spaces. This comprehensive approach ensures that CIFF remains at the forefront of the ever-evolving furniture industry.

In conclusion, the China International Furniture Fair (CIFF) in Shanghai stands as a testament to China’s growing importance in the global furniture market. With its rich history, impressive scope, and commitment to innovation, CIFF offers unmatched opportunities for industry professionals to explore new trends, forge valuable connections, and shape the future of the furniture industry. Whether you are a designer, manufacturer, or distributor, CIFF is an unmissable event that continues to define the future of furniture and interior design.

China Composites Expo

China Composites Expo: Driving the Future of Advanced Materials

The China Composites Expo, officially known as the China International Composites Exhibition, is the largest and most influential event of its kind in the Asia-Pacific region. It stands as a strategic platform for showcasing the evolution, innovation, and application of composite materials across multiple industries. Hosted annually at the National Exhibition and Convention Center (NECC) in Shanghai each September, the expo gathers global attention for its expansive scope and highly specialized focus.

At its core, China Composites serves not only as a display of innovation but also as a barometer for the global composites industry. With manufacturers, suppliers, researchers, and end-users in attendance, the event bridges the gap between material science and its real-world applications, fostering cross-sector cooperation and forward-looking solutions.

The Role of Composites in a Modern World

Composite materials—created by combining two or more different substances to yield superior mechanical and physical properties—are essential to modern engineering. Their lightweight nature, durability, and adaptability make them ideal for demanding sectors like aviation, automotive, maritime, and wind energy.

China has become a global leader in these sectors, especially in wind energy, where demand for advanced materials continues to climb. This rise is directly mirrored in the scale and influence of the China Composites Expo, which now serves as a vital global indicator for the health and direction of the composite materials industry.

What Makes China Composites a Premier Event?

The annual gathering at the NECC offers a complete ecosystem of innovation, education, and business development. From raw materials and semi-finished products to manufacturing solutions and end-use case studies, the expo is a comprehensive look into the world of composites.
Key highlights of the event include:

An expansive exhibition floor featuring global and domestic exhibitors

Live product demonstrations and process walkthroughs

Displays of cutting-edge materials used in transportation, energy, and infrastructure

Technical sessions and workshops on reinforced plastics, resins, fibers, and additives

Opportunities for cross-industry collaboration and strategic sourcing

These features are designed to attract professionals at all levels—from R&D specialists to procurement officers—offering a rare chance to explore new solutions and meet potential partners in one place.

Industry Applications on Display

Composite materials are transforming the way industries think about weight, strength, flexibility, and environmental sustainability. At China Composites Expo, visitors gain exposure to both common and specialized uses across sectors.
Prominent application areas represented at the expo:

Wind Energy: Blade manufacturing, turbine housing, lightweight reinforcements

Automotive Manufacturing: Structural panels, interior components, crash protection

Aerospace: Lightweight fuselage sections, fire-resistant materials, insulation

Marine Engineering: Boat hulls, decking, and corrosion-resistant panels

Infrastructure: Composite bridges, reinforcing bars, and structural cladding

Consumer Products: Sports gear, furniture, and even electronics casings

By showcasing such a wide range of applications, the fair helps demonstrate the flexibility and value composites bring to manufacturing and engineering projects of every scale.

The Value of Attending for Professionals

The China Composites Expo is uniquely positioned to serve industry leaders, engineers, manufacturers, and supply chain professionals. Its audience consists primarily of decision-makers, making it a valuable venue for both high-level discussions and concrete business deals.
Top reasons to attend:

Stay ahead of trends in composite material science and manufacturing.

Meet suppliers offering tailored solutions for complex technical needs.

Experience new technologies through live demos and technical showcases.

Network with peers across a broad range of industries.

Explore sustainability practices in advanced materials and production.

This diversity of benefits means attendees leave the event with both actionable insights and valuable contacts.

Global Reach, Local Excellence

While firmly rooted in China’s industrial landscape, the expo is decidedly international in scope. Exhibitors and attendees come from Europe, North America, Southeast Asia, and beyond, reinforcing its importance as a global industry hub.

Held at the NECC Shanghai, one of China’s most modern and well-connected exhibition centers, the event benefits from outstanding infrastructure:

Direct access from two international airports

Integrated metro and high-speed rail connections

State-of-the-art conference and exhibit facilities

This ease of access makes it highly appealing for overseas visitors seeking to engage with China’s booming industrial sector.

Organized by Experts, Guided by Industry

The event is organized by China Composites Group Corporation Ltd, a body with deep ties to the composite materials industry. Their expertise ensures that the expo maintains a high standard of professionalism and relevance.

In addition to organizing the exhibition, the group also facilitates technical seminars and industry roundtables, where participants can discuss challenges, innovations, and policy trends affecting their respective fields.

A Must-Attend for Anyone in Composites

The China Composites Expo is more than just a trade fair—it's a catalyst for progress in advanced material science. It brings together thought leaders, innovators, and decision-makers to explore the future of composites and their ever-expanding applications. Whether you're looking to source new materials, understand market trends, or form strategic alliances, this event offers everything you need under one roof.

ACHEMASIA

AchemAsia, the International Exhibition-Congress on Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, presents an exceptional opportunity for suppliers in the process industries to capitalize on the ongoing advancements and economic momentum that China offers. As the world's largest economy experiencing unprecedented modernization, China is unmatched in its pace of development and economic dynamism. The government's robust economic stimulus program further bolsters this trajectory, ensuring that the demand for innovative solutions in the process industries remains consistently high.

This exhibition-congress stands out as the premier event for the chemical and biotech sectors in China, unrivaled in its nationwide visibility and networking potential. AchemAsia serves as a focal point for industry professionals seeking to connect, collaborate, and share insights on the latest advancements in chemical engineering and biotechnology. The event attracts a diverse array of participants, from researchers and engineers to business leaders, all eager to explore new technologies and forge valuable partnerships.

The significance of AchemAsia lies not only in its role as a marketplace for innovative solutions but also in its capacity to facilitate knowledge exchange among industry stakeholders. Participants have the opportunity to engage in discussions that address current challenges and explore future trends, making it a vital platform for professional development and growth.

By bringing together key players from the process industries, AchemAsia fosters an environment conducive to collaboration and innovation. The exhibition showcases cutting-edge technologies and applications, providing a comprehensive view of the state of the industry in China and beyond. As a result, attendees leave with valuable insights that can be applied to enhance their operations and drive progress in their respective fields.

In conclusion, AchemAsia is an essential event for those involved in chemical engineering and biotechnology, reflecting China’s status as a leader in these sectors. Its unmatched networking opportunities and focus on innovative solutions make it a must-attend for anyone looking to stay at the forefront of the industry.

AgrochemEx

AgroChemEx stands as a prominent annual conference and exhibition in the agrochemical industry, organized by the China Crop Protection Industry Association (CCPIA). Since its inception in 2005, AgroChemEx has grown to become one of the largest international events focused on agrochemicals, attracting a diverse array of participants from across the globe. The event offers unparalleled opportunities for networking, learning, and collaboration among industry stakeholders, including government representatives, high-level executives, and leading manufacturers and developers from China.

At AgroChemEx, attendees are treated to high-quality content that encompasses a wide range of topics relevant to the agrochemical sector. The program addresses critical issues such as regulatory standards, market trends, and emerging technologies that shape the industry. Participants gain insights from experts who share their knowledge on the latest advancements, ensuring that attendees are well-informed about the current landscape and future developments.

The conference also highlights the role of agricultural drones and aviation adjuvants, which are becoming increasingly significant in the AgriTech sector. These technologies represent the cutting edge of agricultural practice, enabling more efficient and precise application of agrochemicals. By showcasing these innovations, AgroChemEx facilitates discussions about their implications for productivity and sustainability in agriculture.

Networking opportunities at AgroChemEx are exceptional, as the event attracts thought leaders and influential figures within the industry. The chance to connect with partners and peers provides valuable insights and fosters collaboration. With more than 90% of exhibitors at the fertilizer section achieving contract agreements through platforms like ACE and CIFE, it’s clear that AgroChemEx is a hub for business development and partnership formation.

In addition to the extensive exhibition space, where leading manufacturers display their products and services, the conference offers an interactive environment for participants to engage in discussions and explore new ideas. This blend of learning and networking positions AgroChemEx as an essential event for anyone involved in the agrochemical field, whether they are established companies or emerging players looking to make their mark.

AgroChemEx not only serves as a platform for showcasing the latest innovations in agrochemicals but also as a forum for shaping the future of the industry. By bringing together key stakeholders and facilitating meaningful exchanges, the conference plays a crucial role in driving advancements that will influence agricultural practices for years to come.

Aquatech China

Aquatech China has emerged as a premier event in the water technology sector, positioned as Asia's leading trade fair for innovations in water management and environmental solutions. Hosted annually at the National Exhibition and Convention Center (NECC) in Shanghai, one of the largest and most sophisticated exhibition spaces in the world, this event draws attention from around the globe. With its massive 1.47 million square meters of space, the NECC offers a perfect setting for showcasing the future of water technologies, featuring both indoor and outdoor exhibit spaces, along with a commercial plaza that enhances the event experience with a variety of services.

Since its establishment, Aquatech China has steadily expanded its influence, attracting a diverse range of participants, from established global corporations to emerging startups. The trade fair places a spotlight on a broad spectrum of topics, from water and wastewater treatment and distribution to cutting-edge IT solutions, process control, and flood protection. This diversity in focus areas makes it a key event for those seeking comprehensive insights into the future of water management and sustainability. Each year, thousands of professionals, including engineers, decision-makers, investors, and industry leaders, converge to explore the latest trends and discuss the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead in the water sector.

What makes Aquatech China particularly significant is its ability to unite stakeholders from various sectors, providing a dynamic space for knowledge exchange and collaboration. The event is not merely an exhibition but also serves as a knowledge hub, where participants can attend specialized conferences that cover vital topics such as environmental management, water efficiency, and sustainable solutions. These seminars, filled with industry experts and thought leaders, offer in-depth discussions on the challenges facing the water industry and showcase innovations that are transforming the way water resources are managed globally.

The event is organized by Amsterdam RAI, a well-respected name in the world of trade fairs, with a track record of hosting successful events across multiple industries. Its commitment to advancing the water technology sector is evident in the caliber of exhibitors and visitors that Aquatech China attracts each year. The fair serves as a launchpad for new technologies and products, offering a platform for networking and business opportunities that have a far-reaching impact on the water industry.

Aquatech China’s ability to address pressing global issues, such as climate change, resource depletion, and water scarcity, places it at the forefront of innovation in water technology. With sustainability at its core, the event highlights solutions that not only improve water treatment and conservation but also contribute to the broader environmental goals of reducing pollution, improving energy efficiency, and promoting circular economies. As one of the most important global platforms for the water industry, Aquatech China continues to drive forward-thinking solutions that aim to secure a sustainable water future for generations to come.

Aquatech China is more than just a trade fair. It is a vibrant gathering of professionals, innovators, and leaders who are pushing the boundaries of water technology. The event provides a comprehensive platform for sharing ideas, fostering collaborations, and paving the way for the water solutions of tomorrow. As the water sector continues to evolve, Aquatech China stands as a critical point of convergence for anyone invested in creating sustainable, impactful change within the industry.

ProWine Shanghai

ProWine Shanghai stands as a pivotal moment in the global wine and spirits calendar, offering a comprehensive platform where the world’s leading industry figures converge to shape the future of the trade. Held annually at the Shanghai New International Expo Center, the event is a dynamic showcase for everything from established wine houses to innovative new brands eager to make their mark on the Chinese market. With China’s wine and spirits industry expanding rapidly, ProWine Shanghai serves as a bridge between the international market and local trade professionals, creating an environment of shared learning and opportunity.

The event’s German-standard professional service has earned it a reputation for delivering a seamless and high-quality experience year after year. From the moment visitors and exhibitors arrive, they are immersed in an atmosphere of business-driven interaction, where every corner of the expo hall is dedicated to creating meaningful connections. Exhibitors present their finest wines, spirits, and related products to a focused audience of buyers, distributors, and industry experts, while attendees have the chance to experience the latest innovations and trends shaping the industry.

ProWine Shanghai’s appeal lies not just in its scale, but in its exclusivity. Targeted solely at trade visitors, the event ensures that all interactions and presentations remain business-focused. Participants, including retail and wholesale representatives, food service professionals, hospitality leaders, and manufacturers, gain access to a curated space that fosters high-quality exchanges and collaborations. This concentrated environment allows businesses to forge valuable partnerships, explore fresh market strategies, and understand how to navigate China’s unique and diverse wine market. The fair provides a window into the preferences and demands of Chinese consumers, enabling industry leaders to adapt and innovate with greater precision.

The growth of China’s wine culture has created a fertile ground for international brands seeking to establish or expand their presence in the region. At ProWine Shanghai, companies gain direct access to China’s wine and spirits retail landscape, which continues to show immense potential. As the Chinese market matures, ProWine Shanghai helps both global and local players tap into new avenues for growth, whether that be in large urban centers or emerging second-tier cities where the demand for quality alcoholic beverages is on the rise.

One of the most notable aspects of the event is its ability to bring the entire value chain under one roof. In addition to traditional wine and spirits producers, attendees will discover new trends in packaging, distribution, and logistics, as well as the latest in production technology and sustainable practices. The event ensures that visitors walk away with not just new business leads, but a deeper understanding of how the wine and spirits industry is evolving globally, and particularly in one of the largest and most promising markets.

For those seeking to gain a competitive edge in the industry, ProWine Shanghai is the ideal destination to engage with some of the best minds in the business, learn about the future of the industry, and participate in an event that continues to shape the trajectory of global wine and spirits trade. With its unmatched focus on professionalism, innovation, and market insight, ProWine Shanghai is more than just an event—it is a vital business and networking hub that influences the future of the wine and spirits industry for years to come.

Shanghai International Auto Air-Conditioning & Thermal Management Technology Exhibition

The Shanghai International Automotive Air Conditioning and Thermal Technology Exhibition has established itself as a cornerstone event in the mobile refrigeration and automotive air conditioning industries. For over 23 years, this exhibition has closely followed the rapid advancements and shifting trends of the mobile refrigeration sector, continuously innovating and expanding to meet the demands of an ever-evolving market. Renowned for its professionalism, the event has grown into one of the most significant and influential exhibitions, not just within China but across Asia and even the global mobile refrigeration industry. 

As a key player in the field, the exhibition covers a broad range of industries, from passenger cars to buses, refrigerated transport, and cold chain logistics. These industries are crucial components of the modern economy, especially as the demand for energy-efficient, environmentally-friendly solutions continues to grow. The Shanghai International Automotive Air Conditioning and Thermal Technology Exhibition has always been a hub for new technologies, and its influence reaches far beyond the confines of China, attracting exhibitors and visitors from around the globe.

The 2024 edition promises to take the exhibition to even greater heights. This year’s showcase will not only display traditional automotive air conditioning products but also introduce exciting new sections. Among these are a bus air conditioning system and accessories zone, a refrigeration and cold chain logistics equipment zone, and a complete vehicle thermal management system and accessories zone. These additions reflect the ongoing diversification and specialization of the mobile refrigeration industry, catering to an increasing demand for tailored solutions across various sectors.

One of the exhibition's most important features is its role in fostering collaboration and facilitating market expansion. By offering a platform for businesses to explore new markets and integrate their development strategies, the exhibition plays a vital role in helping companies navigate the challenges posed by the industry’s rapid evolution. As environmental regulations become stricter and the need for energy-efficient solutions intensifies, innovations in automotive air conditioning and thermal technology are more important than ever. The exhibition is positioned at the forefront of this shift, highlighting the latest advancements and cutting-edge technologies that meet these global demands.

Moreover, the Shanghai International Automotive Air Conditioning and Thermal Technology Exhibition brings together global industry leaders, offering valuable opportunities for networking and collaboration. This convergence of thought leaders, manufacturers, and suppliers enables participants to share insights, discuss emerging trends, and form partnerships that can help shape the future of mobile refrigeration. Whether it’s refining the technology behind refrigeration systems or developing new, greener solutions to meet regulatory requirements, the exhibition remains a crucial space for the exchange of ideas and the advancement of the industry.

In conclusion, the Shanghai International Automotive Air Conditioning and Thermal Technology Exhibition stands as a testament to the growth and innovation within the mobile refrigeration sector. It continues to lead the way in showcasing the latest technological advancements, providing a vital platform for businesses to connect, collaborate, and explore new opportunities in a fast-paced, ever-changing industry. As global demand for energy-efficient and environmentally-conscious solutions rises, this exhibition remains at the heart of the conversation, setting the stage for the future of automotive air conditioning and thermal management technology.

Shanghai World of Packaging

SWOP, or Shanghai World of Packaging, is a prestigious international trade fair that has become a key event for professionals in the processing and packaging industries. Held biennially, the fair is organized by Messe Düsseldorf Shanghai Co., Ltd. and takes place at the Shanghai New International Expo Centre (SNIEC), one of China’s largest and most advanced exhibition centers. Its strategic location near Pudong Airport and easy access by public transport, including the high-speed maglev train, ensures that it attracts global attendees, making it a truly international event in the heart of Asia.

The SWOP fair stands out by offering a comprehensive platform that covers eight essential product sectors: food, beverages, confectionery, baked goods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, non-food consumer goods, and industrial goods. This diverse range of industries reflects the broad scope of packaging applications, from everyday consumer goods to high-tech industrial products. The fair highlights key packaging trends and serves as a valuable source of information on the future of the industry. A major theme of the event is the 'SAVE FOOD' campaign, which focuses on developing innovative packaging solutions that address global challenges such as food waste, transportation safety, and sustainability. This initiative underscores the role of packaging in promoting efficiency and reducing environmental impact, aligning with the growing global demand for responsible and sustainable practices.

One of the unique features of SWOP is its two specialized exhibition areas. The 'components' section showcases the essential elements of packaging machines, technologies, and software that are crucial in the industrial packaging process. This area is vital for professionals looking to explore the cutting-edge components that drive the packaging industry forward. Meanwhile, 'innovationparc' serves as a dynamic platform for discussion and the exchange of creative ideas. This space invites industry leaders, innovators, and experts to share their experiences and engage in conversations about emerging trends and technologies, fostering collaboration and sparking new ideas for the future of packaging.

Beyond just product displays, SWOP provides a wealth of insights into market trends, technological advancements, and future developments in packaging. The fair’s strategic position in Shanghai, a major global hub for trade and commerce, makes it an ideal venue for networking, business development, and discovering the latest innovations. Professionals from around the world gather to learn, collaborate, and engage in meaningful discussions that shape the direction of the packaging industry.

For companies looking to expand their reach in the rapidly growing Asian market, SWOP offers an unparalleled opportunity to connect with potential clients, partners, and industry experts. It is also an essential event for anyone interested in the future of packaging technology, sustainable solutions, and the role packaging plays in addressing global challenges. Whether you're seeking new business opportunities, exploring cutting-edge technologies, or simply keeping up with industry trends, SWOP is a must-attend event that provides invaluable exposure and insight into the future of packaging.

Automechanika Shanghai

Automechanika Shanghai recently concluded its anniversary edition, delivering a spectacular show that exceeded expectations and set impressive new records. This annual event continues to stand as a dynamic and pivotal gathering in the automotive industry, particularly within China. The fair serves as an essential platform where industry professionals, including buyers, suppliers, and innovators, converge to explore the latest trends, technologies, and solutions that are shaping the future of the automotive sector.

Over the years, Automechanika Shanghai has built a reputation for offering a comprehensive showcase of all facets of the automotive industry. From spare parts and repair services to electronics, accessories, and tuning, the exhibition covers an expansive range of sectors critical to the automotive market. The event not only allows for the exchange of knowledge and ideas but also serves as a crucial meeting point for those involved in vehicle manufacturing, retail, maintenance, and garage equipment.

One of the defining features of this year's event was the remarkable attendance, which saw record-breaking numbers of both exhibitors and visitors. This significant turnout reflects the growing importance of the show, which attracts professionals from not just China, but also key regional and international participants. For many, Automechanika Shanghai provides valuable opportunities for networking, discovering new business partnerships, and staying ahead of the curve in an ever-evolving industry.

The fair was also recognized for its ability to facilitate learning and professional development. Through numerous seminars, workshops, and presentations, attendees were able to deepen their understanding of emerging technologies and best practices in areas such as automotive repair, digitalization, and sustainability. The educational aspect of the event was one of the highlights, with industry experts and thought leaders offering insights into the current and future challenges faced by the automotive industry.

Ultimately, Automechanika Shanghai continues to be a cornerstone event for the global automotive sector. It not only celebrates the successes and innovations of the industry but also fosters collaboration, knowledge sharing, and business development across all areas of the market. As the automotive industry continues to evolve, events like Automechanika Shanghai will remain essential in driving progress and shaping the future of mobility.

Shanghai International Personal Care Expo

The Shanghai International Personal Care Expo, commonly known as PCE, is one of the largest and most influential events in the global beauty and personal care industry. Held annually at the Shanghai New International Expo Center (SNIEC), the expo brings together professionals from around the world. Organized by Shanghai Yinghe Exhibition Service Co., Ltd., the event attracts both local and international participants, offering a vital platform for exchanging ideas, showcasing innovations, and discussing the latest trends.

The PCE covers every aspect of the personal care and hygiene market, presenting a diverse range of products that cater to the needs of both consumers and professionals. From skincare and haircare products to hygiene and household cleaning agents, the expo showcases a vast selection of items. Some of the featured products include hair dryers, razors, disinfectants, mold removers, sterilization lamps, toilet paper, and cosmetic wipes. In addition, protective creams, lotions, shampoos, shower gels, as well as perfumes and fragrances are on display, illustrating the breadth of the industry.

One of the key highlights of the expo is its focus on innovation and the introduction of new technologies. PCE provides a platform for showcasing cutting-edge beauty devices, smart toilet lids, and health-focused products like therapeutic pillows. These innovations reflect the growing demand for products that enhance personal well-being and integrate technology into everyday life.

The expo also offers various programs designed to foster learning and collaboration within the industry. These include specialized conferences where industry experts discuss current challenges and opportunities, live product demonstrations, and an awards ceremony that celebrates outstanding innovations and design achievements. These elements make the expo not just a space for product displays, but also a dynamic hub for professional development and industry networking.

Rooted in Shanghai, a global center of commerce and innovation, PCE underscores the city's position as a gateway to the personal care sector. With each passing year, the expo continues to grow in stature, reinforcing its place on the international stage. It is not only a key event for the Chinese market but also an important milestone for global trends in beauty, health, and personal care.

China International Advanced Ceramics Exhibition

China International Advanced Ceramics Exhibition: A Landmark Gathering for the Global Ceramics Industry

The China International Advanced Ceramics Exhibition is a leading global event in the ceramics sector, dedicated to showcasing innovation, materials, and manufacturing technologies within the industry. Held annually in Shanghai, the event takes place at the Shanghai World Expo Exhibition and Convention Center (SWEECC) — a venue known for its state-of-the-art infrastructure and strategic location in the vibrant Pudong District. Organized by Uniris Exhibition Co Ltd, this highly specialized show has become an essential platform for professionals engaged in advanced ceramics, materials science, and related manufacturing sectors.

With its wide-reaching scope and international appeal, IACE China brings together exhibitors, researchers, engineers, and business leaders to explore new frontiers in ceramic applications — from high-performance structural materials to functional components used across industries such as aerospace, automotive, electronics, and medical devices.

Exploring the Scope of Advanced Ceramics in Industry

Materials and Markets Shaping the Future

The exhibition reflects the vast breadth of the ceramics industry and its critical role in modern technology. While traditional ceramics remain essential in construction and art, advanced ceramics are now foundational in high-tech industries, thanks to their strength, heat resistance, chemical stability, and electrical properties.

At IACE China, visitors will explore a range of material categories and applications:

Oxides: Alumina, zirconia, and other high-purity materials

Carbides and nitrides: Known for extreme hardness and thermal conductivity

Borides: Utilized in aerospace and defense for their stability at high temperatures

Bio-ceramics: Used in implants and bone regeneration

Transparent ceramics: Enabling next-generation optics and electronics

This broad representation ensures that attendees can identify key materials suitable for both existing needs and future product development.

A Hub for Innovation: Technologies and Equipment on Display

Machinery, Additive Manufacturing, and Material Processing

One of the most exciting aspects of the China International Advanced Ceramics Exhibition is the focus on technological progress. As the ceramics field evolves, so do the methods for shaping, sintering, and finishing materials. The event places a spotlight on equipment that allows manufacturers to work with precision, scale, and sustainability in mind.

Key technologies and innovations featured include:

3D printing systems for ceramic components

Isostatic pressing and extrusion machinery

High-temperature furnaces and sintering systems

Automated shaping and inspection systems

Powder handling, classification, and mixing technologies

Special emphasis is placed on additive manufacturing, as the ability to 3D print complex ceramic parts unlocks potential in prototyping, medical devices, and advanced engineering.

Global Participation and Knowledge Exchange

An International Trade Exhibition for the Ceramics Industry

Each year, the exhibition attracts participants from across Asia, Europe, North America, and beyond, offering a truly global view of trends and practices. Exhibitors and delegates come not only to showcase products but also to build partnerships, source materials, and explore emerging markets.

Participants benefit from:

Networking with leading ceramic and material science companies

Attending presentations by internationally recognized experts

Discovering sourcing opportunities across the global supply chain

Engaging in technical discussions that bridge research and application

Whether you're a buyer, supplier, academic, or engineer, the event offers avenues for both strategic development and immediate business.

A Rich Program of Talks and Expert-Led Forums

Deepening Insight Through Technical Sessions and Lectures

Beyond the exhibition floor, IACE China hosts a program of lectures and technical forums designed to delve into current challenges and opportunities within the ceramics industry. Experts from leading institutions and corporations share perspectives on innovation, sustainability, and the practical application of materials in the field.

Topics often include:

Advancements in ceramic matrix composites (CMCs)

Recycling and sustainable production methods

Thermal management materials for electronics

Biomedical applications of advanced ceramics

Market outlook and investment trends in Asia and globally

These sessions provide an ideal environment for learning and collaboration, enabling participants to leave with actionable knowledge.

Why Attend IACE China? Strategic Value for Multiple Sectors

A Multidisciplinary Event with Broad Industrial Appeal

The strength of the China International Advanced Ceramics Exhibition lies in its ability to bring together diverse industries under one thematic umbrella. Ceramics are no longer niche—they are central to the evolution of clean energy, healthcare, manufacturing, and transportation.

Industries represented at the event include:

Aerospace and defense

Automotive and mobility

Semiconductor and electronics

Medical and dental device manufacturing

Environmental and energy sectors

With applications ranging from turbine blades and insulators to artificial joints and fuel cells, ceramics are at the core of emerging technologies. Attending IACE China helps professionals identify material solutions and production techniques that meet the ever-increasing performance demands of today’s markets.

The Ideal Venue for Business and Discovery

Shanghai World Expo Exhibition & Convention Center (SWEECC)

Hosting the event in SWEECC, a venue built for the 2010 World Expo, ensures a smooth and premium experience for all attendees. The center offers spacious halls, cutting-edge conference facilities, and excellent transport connectivity within one of Asia’s most dynamic cities.

Venue highlights include:

Over 100,000 square meters of exhibition space

Proximity to Shanghai’s central business district

Hotels and services tailored for international visitors

Sustainable infrastructure and modern design

This setting enhances the impact of the exhibition, creating a comfortable and engaging atmosphere for both business meetings and immersive product showcases.

Shaping the Future of Ceramics and Beyond

The China International Advanced Ceramics Exhibition continues to define the future of ceramics by connecting materials science with real-world industry applications. As a key destination for companies, researchers, and investors, the event fosters innovation, strategic dialogue, and cross-sector collaboration.

With its deep technical focus, international reach, and commitment to progress, IACE China is more than just a trade exhibition — it's a cornerstone for the next chapter of ceramics in high-performance, sustainable, and transformative technologies.

AIR CARGO CHINA

In the vibrant metropolis of Shanghai, where the pulse of global trade beats strongest, Air Cargo China emerges as a pivotal biennial event, shaping the future of air freight and logistics. Hosted at the prestigious Shanghai New International Expo Centre (SNIEC) and brought to life through the collaborative efforts of Messe München and Messe Muenchen Shanghai Co., Ltd., this trade fair stands as a beacon of innovation and opportunity for companies seeking to expand their footprint in Asian markets.

Nestled within the framework of "Transport Logistic China," the continent's premier trade fair for logistics, mobility, IT, and supply chain management, Air Cargo China offers a comprehensive panorama of the air freight industry. Here, leading companies from across the globe converge to showcase their cutting-edge products and services, spanning the spectrum from airlines and airports to forwarding agencies and logistics solutions providers. Against the backdrop of Shanghai's dynamic skyline, attendees are treated to a diverse array of exhibits, encompassing everything from state-of-the-art IT equipment and control systems to innovative air freight pallets and advanced security technologies.

At its core, Air Cargo China is more than just a trade fair; it is a testament to Shanghai's emergence as a global hub for air freight and logistics, bolstering China's stature on the world stage. As industry luminaries gather for the esteemed "Air Cargo China Conference," insights are shared, and discussions unfold, illuminating the latest trends and challenges shaping the future of air cargo. Meanwhile, the prestigious "Air Cargo Awards" ceremony celebrates excellence and innovation across various categories, underscoring the industry's relentless pursuit of excellence.

From the bustling exhibition halls to the networking corridors, Air Cargo China pulsates with energy and excitement, drawing professionals from a myriad of sectors, all eager to glean insights and forge new partnerships. Exhibitors spanning air freight, logistics, IT, and security services converge, each seeking to leave their mark on the ever-evolving landscape of global trade and transport.

Yet, amidst the fervor of innovation and progress, the air freight industry confronts its share of challenges. Environmental sustainability looms large, as concerns mount over CO2 emissions and noise pollution. In response, industry stakeholders are doubling down on efforts to embrace eco-friendly technologies and practices, from biofuels and energy-efficient aircraft to optimized flight routes and enhanced regulatory frameworks. Collaboration remains paramount, as airlines, freight forwarders, airports, and regulatory authorities unite in pursuit of a more sustainable and efficient future.

As Air Cargo China takes flight once more, it serves as a testament to the indomitable spirit of innovation that propels the air freight industry forward. Against the backdrop of Shanghai's skyline, where tradition meets modernity, attendees embark on a journey of discovery, charting a course towards a future where the skies are limitless, and the possibilities boundless.

TRANSPORT LOGISTIC CHINA

In the bustling metropolis of Shanghai, where the pace of global commerce never wanes, Transport Logistic China emerges as a beacon of innovation and collaboration. Since its inception in 2004 under the auspices of the esteemed Messe München GmbH, this international trade fair has etched its place as Asia's premier showcase for logistics, telematics, and transportation. Held biennially, it draws exhibitors and professionals from every corner of the globe, converging to explore the latest trends and advancements shaping the future of the industry.

At the heart of Transport Logistic China lies the Shanghai New International Expo Center (SNIEC), a beacon of modernity and sophistication. This state-of-the-art venue provides the perfect backdrop for the event, offering world-class infrastructure and seamless connectivity, ensuring a seamless experience for attendees and exhibitors alike.

Step inside the halls of SNIEC, and you'll find yourself immersed in a world of possibilities. From logistics services to air freight, port operations to smart logistics, the fair encompasses every facet of the logistics chain. It's a veritable treasure trove of innovation, where the latest technologies and solutions are on full display, inspiring visitors to reimagine the way goods move across the globe.

Yet, what truly sets Transport Logistic China apart is its global footprint. As part of a series of trade fairs that span major international hubs, it underscores the interconnected nature of the logistics industry. From Shanghai to Munich, from Singapore to Sao Paulo, the fair serves as a nexus for ideas and collaboration, fostering a truly global dialogue on the future of transportation and logistics.

But it's not just about the exhibits and showcases; Transport Logistic China is also a hub of knowledge and learning. Through dedicated conferences, forums, and workshops, industry experts delve into the pressing issues facing the logistics sector, from supply chain resilience to the impact of emerging technologies. It's a forum for debate, discussion, and discovery, where participants come away with fresh insights and perspectives to drive their businesses forward.

In essence, Transport Logistic China is more than just a trade fair; it's a catalyst for change, a crucible of ideas, and a platform for progress. As the logistics industry charts a course into the future, events like this play a crucial role in shaping its trajectory, ensuring that it remains agile, resilient, and ready to meet the challenges of tomorrow.

AUTO SHANGHAI

Auto Shanghai stands as a premier international automotive trade fair, providing an exceptional platform for car manufacturers and automotive suppliers to showcase their latest technologies and products. Since its inception in 1985, this influential event has grown into the most significant automotive trade fair in Asia, marking its importance with each passing year through increasing numbers of exhibitors and attendees.

The fair's expansive reach is evidenced by its impressive scale. Spanning 360,000 square meters, Auto Shanghai hosts over 1,000 exhibitors from 17 countries, offering a diverse array of products and services to a global audience. In its most recent edition, the event attracted a staggering 906,000 visitors, including both domestic and international guests, highlighting its broad appeal and significant impact on the automotive industry.

Auto Shanghai serves not only as a showcase for the latest advancements in automotive technology but also as a critical venue for exchanging information and forging new business connections. It provides a unique opportunity for industry professionals to engage directly with the latest innovations, explore emerging trends, and establish valuable contacts within the global automotive sector.

As a cornerstone of the automotive industry in Asia, Auto Shanghai continues to set the standard for excellence and innovation in automotive exhibitions. Its role in highlighting technological advancements and facilitating business development underscores its position as a key event in the automotive calendar, attracting leading figures from around the world and reinforcing its status as a pivotal industry gathering.

Intertraffic China

Intertraffic China, one of the most prominent trade fairs for traffic and infrastructure, has been a cornerstone event in the global traffic management landscape since its establishment in 1972. Organized by RAI Amsterdam, this annual event alternates between Shanghai and Beijing, drawing in over 15,000 visitors from more than 80 countries, particularly representing the entire Asian region. Its vast international reach makes it an exceptional platform for connecting with senior buyers, potential business partners, and distributors, offering unparalleled opportunities to network and expand beyond China’s borders.

As one of the largest international trade fairs of its kind, Intertraffic China is dedicated to showcasing the latest innovations in traffic infrastructure, road safety, parking systems, and traffic management. With a focus on the present and future challenges in these fields, the event provides a window into cutting-edge technologies, solutions, and services from exhibitors around the globe. It offers not just a venue for business transactions but also an arena for knowledge-sharing, where technical lectures, panel discussions, and expert insights help attendees stay abreast of industry trends, policy changes, and technological advancements.

Intertraffic China serves as a crucial catalyst in transforming China’s rapidly expanding urban environments, facilitating the exchange of technologies that improve traffic flow, enhance road safety, and contribute to the development of smarter, more sustainable cities. The event attracts decision-makers from public authorities, consulting firms, and industry leaders who are committed to advancing the future of urban mobility. Whether it’s developing safer traffic systems, optimizing infrastructure management, or implementing intelligent parking solutions, the fair serves as a forum where ideas, expertise, and strategies come together to shape the future of China’s cities and beyond.

The event’s importance extends beyond China’s borders, as it is a part of the wider global Intertraffic series, with similar events held in major cities worldwide. This global reach highlights Intertraffic China’s critical role in fostering international collaboration and the exchange of innovative solutions that can be applied across different regions. Through its focus on driving technological advancements, enhancing traffic management, and addressing the challenges of urbanization, Intertraffic China continues to be a vital meeting point for professionals and thought leaders in the traffic and infrastructure sectors. As urban mobility and infrastructure continue to evolve, this event remains at the forefront, influencing the direction of industry development globally.

China Refrigeration Exhibition

The China Refrigeration Expo stands as one of the most significant and influential international trade fairs in Asia for the refrigeration, air conditioning, heating, ventilation, and food cooling industries. Held annually in Shanghai, it draws a global audience of professionals, manufacturers, and innovators to explore the latest trends, technologies, and products within these vital sectors. Organized by the China Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Industry Association (CRAA), the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT), and the International Exhibition Co., Ltd, this event has become a cornerstone for industry professionals looking to stay ahead of emerging developments and capitalize on new opportunities.

As one of the largest exhibitions of its kind in Asia, the China Refrigeration Expo provides a comprehensive showcase of refrigeration and HVAC technologies. Exhibitors from around the world come together to present their products and solutions, ranging from cutting-edge air conditioning systems and advanced food cooling technologies to innovative heating and ventilation solutions. The event serves as a launchpad for introducing new industry innovations and highlighting the advancements in energy efficiency, sustainability, and smart technology within the refrigeration and HVAC sectors.

The fair is a pivotal platform for networking, offering participants a unique opportunity to connect with experts, manufacturers, dealers, and users in the industry. For exhibitors, it represents a chance to reach potential customers, distributors, and partners from both domestic and international markets. For attendees, the event provides a valuable space for learning about the latest market trends, exploring new products, and gaining insights into emerging technologies. With a global audience of industry leaders and decision-makers, the China Refrigeration Expo fosters significant business interactions and collaborations.

Over the years, China Refrigeration has evolved into a major gathering for the refrigeration and air conditioning industry, where key players from across the world come to establish relationships, discuss industry challenges, and identify new business prospects. The fair’s importance continues to grow as the industry increasingly focuses on sustainable and energy-efficient technologies, which are critical in addressing global environmental concerns and meeting the evolving needs of consumers.

Whether you're seeking the latest in refrigeration systems, air conditioning solutions, or food cooling technologies, the China Refrigeration Expo offers a rich platform for discovering innovations, building relationships, and exploring new business opportunities. Its reputation as a leading trade fair ensures that it remains an essential event for anyone involved in the refrigeration, HVAC, and food cooling industries, offering a vital space for knowledge exchange, business development, and market expansion.

China International Weighing Instrument Exhibition

The China International Weighing Instrument Exhibition (InterWeighing) has become one of the most recognized events in the field of weighing instruments, gaining an excellent reputation for fostering international exchange and collaboration in the weighing technology sector. As a key platform for showcasing innovations, it plays a crucial role in promoting the development of the weighing instrument industry and supporting the exchange of knowledge and technologies across borders. 

InterWeighing features a comprehensive exhibition that covers a wide range of products and solutions. The exhibition spans several key areas, including non-automatic weighing instruments, various types of scales and weighing systems, indicators, sensors, and testing devices, as well as electronic components and materials used in the manufacturing of weighing instruments. This diverse array of exhibitors and products provides visitors with a unique opportunity to discover the latest technological advancements and trends shaping the future of the weighing industry.

In addition to the impressive display of products, InterWeighing also serves as a hub for professionals, engineers, and business leaders to meet, discuss, and share expertise. The event creates a valuable space for participants to explore new business opportunities, foster collaborations, and stay informed about emerging technologies that are revolutionizing the industry. With a strong focus on facilitating both technical and economic cooperation, the exhibition acts as a bridge between manufacturers, distributors, and end-users, driving progress in the global weighing instrument market.

Whether you're looking to explore cutting-edge weighing technologies, expand your network, or discover new suppliers, InterWeighing provides an essential forum for anyone involved in the weighing sector. It not only showcases the innovations of today but also sets the stage for the future of weighing solutions worldwide.

CHINA GLASS

Since its inception in 1986, the China Glass Expo has grown into one of Asia’s largest and most significant trade fairs for glass production and processing. Held annually in the spring, the expo alternates between Beijing and Shanghai, underscoring its importance as a key event in the global glass industry calendar.

Organized by the Chinese Ceramic Society (CCS), which has been a cornerstone of China’s ceramic and glass industries since 1945, the China Glass Expo is the only glass exhibition officially sponsored by the Government of the People's Republic of China and various Chinese trade organizations. This prestigious endorsement highlights the expo's pivotal role in the industry.

The event caters to both industry professionals and the general public, providing a platform for showcasing the latest innovations in glass technology. While the majority of exhibitors are Chinese companies, reflecting the expo’s strong local roots, it has increasingly attracted international participation. Companies from Europe, Asia, and the United States present their state-of-the-art technologies, machinery, and glass products, covering a wide array of applications from architectural and industrial glass to specialized products for photovoltaic systems.

What sets the China Glass Expo apart is its diverse range of participants. The exhibition features a mix of large enterprises, small and medium-sized businesses, and a growing number of start-ups. This dynamic mix ensures a rich variety of perspectives and innovations, fostering an environment of collaboration and competition.

The expo's format is designed to maximize networking opportunities and knowledge exchange. International and local exhibitors set up dedicated stands to showcase their latest advancements, offering attendees a comprehensive view of the current state and future directions of the glass industry. Whether exploring cutting-edge production technologies or discovering new glass applications, visitors to the China Glass Expo gain valuable insights into industry trends and emerging opportunities.

With its strategic positioning and influential sponsorship, the China Glass Expo serves as a vital nexus for global glass professionals. It provides an unparalleled opportunity to engage with the latest developments, forge new business relationships, and stay abreast of technological advancements in a rapidly evolving field.

In essence, the China Glass Expo is not just a trade fair but a testament to the vitality and innovation within the glass industry. Its continued growth and international appeal affirm its status as a premier event, offering both local and global participants a dynamic platform for showcasing and discovering the future of glass technology.