Home & Office Events in United States

Floriexpo

Floriexpo: North America's Largest B2B Floral Event Connecting Vendors and Mass Market Buyers

The Ultimate Meeting Point for the Floral Industry

Floriexpo is not just another trade event—it’s North America’s largest B2B floral marketplace, a highly focused platform designed to connect floral category vendors with mass market buyers from across the retail spectrum. From supermarkets and chain stores to wholesale floral distributors and e-commerce leaders, Floriexpo offers an unparalleled opportunity to network, showcase, and source products in a single, purpose-built environment.

Spanning over 60,000 square feet of exhibit space, the event showcases the full spectrum of the floral category—from fresh cut flowers and greens to potted plants, containers, giftware, floral tech, balloons, and design tools. It’s where innovation meets tradition, where fresh product meets smart solutions, and where business relationships bloom.

Why Floriexpo Is a Must-Attend for Floral Professionals

The floral category within mass retail is evolving rapidly, with buyers constantly seeking efficiency, novelty, and sustainability. Floriexpo is built to serve this demand by providing a highly curated environment where hundreds of floral vendors can present their offerings directly to decision-makers in a meaningful, face-to-face format.

Core reasons to attend Floriexpo:

Meet hundreds of vendors across the floral supply chain

Connect with high-value buyers in supermarkets, grocery chains, and online retail

Discover trending products and seasonal innovations

Access new floral technology and packaging solutions

Build strategic partnerships with reliable suppliers

Learn industry insights through workshops and discussions

Every element of Floriexpo is designed to maximize the value of your time and offer opportunities that are difficult to find anywhere else in North America.

A Full Spectrum of Floral Products and Services

Floriexpo is the only event where every aspect of the floral category is on display, making it an essential sourcing stop for buyers building robust floral programs.

Product categories featured at Floriexpo include:

Fresh Cut Flowers: Roses, lilies, tulips, orchids, seasonal stems

Greens & Foliage: Eucalyptus, ferns, palm leaves

Potted Plants: Indoor houseplants, succulents, flowering plants

Containers & Vases: Glass, ceramic, biodegradable options

Plush & Giftware: Coordinated gift sets, seasonal décor

Floral Accessories: Ribbons, wraps, picks, and tags

Technology & Services: POS integration, inventory management, care & handling solutions

Design & Display Tools: Modular displays, refrigeration systems, in-store signage

This range ensures that buyers can find everything needed to create and grow their floral departments, while vendors benefit from visibility in front of key retail players actively looking for new partners.

Face-to-Face Networking That Delivers Results

One of the biggest strengths of Floriexpo is the ability to meet face-to-face with decision-makers who are often hard to reach through traditional sales channels. These interactions go beyond casual introductions—they form the foundation of strategic relationships.

Attendee profile includes:

Floral category managers

Grocery retail procurement teams

Wholesale floral buyers and distributors

Garden center owners and operators

Online floral retailers

Event and wedding design buyers

These professionals come with a mission: to source quality products, streamline their supply chains, and explore new category growth opportunities. For vendors, it’s an ideal setting to pitch, negotiate, and build long-term client partnerships.

Education, Trends, and Community

Beyond business transactions, Floriexpo also serves as an educational and inspirational hub for the floral community. Attendees benefit from industry-led seminars, trend talks, and panel discussions that tackle everything from consumer behavior shifts to sustainable packaging innovations and AI in floral merchandising.

Key topics often covered at Floriexpo:

Seasonal floral merchandising strategies

Trends in floral design and packaging

Sustainability in floral sourcing and operations

Floral department profitability and logistics

Retail displays that drive impulse floral sales

This programming transforms the event from a simple trade show into a strategic platform for learning and growth. Buyers return not just with products but with ideas that help them innovate within their own stores and businesses.

Build Your Floral Network in One Powerful Event

In today’s fast-paced retail environment, personal relationships are more valuable than ever. Floriexpo fosters a sense of community among floral professionals, creating a space where mutual respect, shared goals, and creativity lead to meaningful partnerships.

Whether you’re an established vendor with decades of experience or a startup launching your first product line, this is the place to:

Connect with retailers ready to buy

Receive real-time feedback from industry experts

Gain visibility in new regional and national markets

Join a growing ecosystem that supports floral business success

The event’s design encourages both planned and spontaneous networking, allowing for business conversations, informal meetups, and collaborative idea sharing.

Innovation at Every Turn

Today’s floral buyers aren’t just sourcing flowers—they’re building category ecosystems that require support from tech providers, logistics specialists, and design consultants. That’s why Floriexpo has expanded to include floral technology and operational services alongside traditional products.
Areas of innovation include:

Digital ordering and inventory systems

Cold chain and delivery tech

Automated bouquet assembly

Data analytics for trend forecasting

Eco-friendly packaging solutions

This makes Floriexpo a complete solution hub, giving buyers the tools to optimize performance and vendors the chance to showcase more than just product.

Your Gateway to the Floral Mass Market

Whether you're a buyer searching for your next best-seller or a vendor ready to scale your presence in North America, Floriexpo is your gateway to growth in the floral industry. With its focused format, unmatched product diversity, and high-caliber attendee list, it stands out as the definitive B2B event for everyone involved in the business of flowers.

Step into a space where fresh ideas, fresh blooms, and fresh business relationships come together—and watch your opportunities blossom.

AIA CONVENTION

In the heart of Washington, D.C., where history and innovation intertwine, the AIA Conference on Architecture & Design (AIA) stands as a beacon of collaboration and multidisciplinary synergy. The leaders and visionaries from across the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industries will gather, not merely to convene, but to coalesce around the shared goal of shaping a sustainable future.

AIA represents more than an annual event; it embodies a commitment to transcending traditional boundaries. It bridges the gaps between disciplines that often operate in silos, recognizing that the most profound solutions emerge from a convergence of diverse perspectives. In today’s world, where environmental stewardship, social equity, and ethical responsibility are paramount concerns, this gathering serves as a crucible for forging actionable strategies.

At its core, AIA is a testament to the power of unity amidst diversity. It brings together architects, engineers, designers, contractors, and myriad industry professionals under one roof. Here, they exchange knowledge, showcase innovations, and cultivate relationships that transcend individual expertise. The conference’s comprehensive program — featuring networking sessions, educational seminars, industry tours, and a bustling expo — fosters cross-pollination of ideas and catalyzes collaborative projects that have the potential to redefine the future of the built environment.

Washington, D.C., with its rich architectural heritage and dynamic urban landscape, serves as an ideal backdrop for such a transformative event. As attendees explore the city’s landmarks and engage in discussions within the state-of-the-art facilities of AIA’s global campus, they are reminded of the profound impact their collective efforts can have on shaping communities, both locally and globally.

Moreover, AIA embodies a blend of tradition and innovation, artistry and technology, form and function. It celebrates the legacy of architectural excellence while embracing the cutting-edge advancements that drive the industry forward. This synthesis not only enriches the discourse but also underscores the industry’s role in addressing contemporary challenges with ingenuity and foresight.

Ultimately, AIA is more than just a conference; it is a testament to the transformative power of collaboration. By uniting diverse stakeholders — from seasoned professionals to emerging talents, from local practitioners to global influencers — the event underscores the industry’s collective responsibility in designing a better world. It highlights the inherent value in each participant’s unique perspective and skill set, positioning them not merely as professionals, but as leaders committed to forging a sustainable and inclusive future.

As the curtains rise on AIA, Washington, D.C. becomes not just a venue, but a crucible where ideas converge, partnerships flourish, and the promise of a better tomorrow takes tangible form. It is here, amidst the grandeur of architectural marvels and the vibrancy of intellectual exchange, that the AEC industry reasserts its role as a driving force for positive change — a united force, steadfast in its pursuit of designing a world where innovation and compassion intersect seamlessly.

Cruise Ship Interiors Design Expo Americas

The Cruise Ship Interiors Design Expo Americas (CSI) stands as the world's premier exhibition and conference exclusively dedicated to the cruise design industry. Hosted at the renowned Miami Beach Convention Center, CSI provides a one-of-a-kind platform for connecting the buyers and suppliers within the cruise sector. The event gathers key players from leading cruise lines and shipyards alongside exhibiting designers, architects, outfitters, and interior suppliers who are shaping the future of cruise ship design.

With over 250 pioneering brands showcasing the latest in cruise design, CSI offers a comprehensive view of groundbreaking products and services from top-tier companies like Aros Marine, SMC Design, Bolidt, and JANUS et Cie. Attendees will have the opportunity to explore cutting-edge materials, technologies, and design solutions that are defining the next generation of cruise interiors.

A central highlight of the event is the expertly curated Conference & Workshop Program, which dives into critical topics ranging from emerging design trends to the industry's increasing focus on sustainability. Leading experts will share their insights, offering invaluable knowledge for professionals eager to stay ahead of the curve in cruise ship interior design.

CSI also facilitates unparalleled networking opportunities through community-focused events, enabling attendees to engage directly with influential decision-makers and industry leaders. Whether you're looking to forge new partnerships, discuss the latest industry trends, or simply connect with peers, these events provide a platform for meaningful interaction.

Participating cruise brands at CSI include some of the biggest names in the industry, such as Carnival Cruise Line, Royal Caribbean, Virgin Voyages, and MSC Cruises. These renowned brands will meet with designers and suppliers to discuss the future of luxury and functional design within the cruise sector.

As an added benefit, CSI attendees also gain access to the co-located Hotel & Resort Design South (HRDS) event. HRDS brings together designers, developers, and suppliers involved in the creation of world-class hotels, resorts, and private island destinations across the South region and Latin America. This collaboration offers a unique opportunity to explore the crossovers between the cruise and hospitality industries, making CSI an essential event for those involved in both sectors.

Whether you are a designer, supplier, or decision-maker in the cruise or hospitality industries, Cruise Ship Interiors Design Expo Americas serves as the ultimate destination to discover innovative design solutions, connect with key industry figures, and stay at the forefront of the cruise design revolution.

Cruise Ship Interiors Expo

Cruise Ship Interiors Design Expo Americas: The Premier Gathering for Cruise Design Innovation

The Cruise Ship Interiors Design Expo Americas (CSI) stands as the world’s only dedicated exhibition and conference designed exclusively to connect buyers and suppliers in the specialized field of cruise ship interior design. Scheduled to take place on June 3rd and 4th at the Miami Beach Convention Center, CSI provides a dynamic platform for cruise lines, shipyards, designers, architects, outfitters, and interior suppliers to come together, exchange ideas, and explore the latest innovations shaping the cruise industry.

A Hub for Cruise Design Industry Leaders and Innovators

CSI brings together over 250 cutting-edge brands that showcase an impressive array of products and services tailored specifically for the cruise ship environment. Attendees will have the chance to engage with renowned names such as Aros Marine, SMC Design, Bolidt, and JANUS et Cie, all leaders in delivering high-quality materials, furnishings, and innovative solutions suited for marine interiors.

The event provides an invaluable opportunity for industry stakeholders to:

Discover innovative design materials and finishes

Source state-of-the-art interior furnishings and accessories

Explore new technologies tailored for cruise ship durability and guest comfort

This broad selection ensures that cruise ship designers and decision-makers can source everything needed to create compelling, durable, and guest-focused interior environments.

Insightful Industry Content and Emerging Trends

Beyond product discovery, CSI excels in its educational offerings. The conference features a meticulously curated content schedule led by industry experts, covering essential themes that influence the future of cruise ship interiors. Topics include emerging design trends, advancements in sustainable materials, and strategies for creating memorable passenger experiences onboard.

Some key areas of focus during the sessions include:

Sustainable design practices for marine environments

Innovations in passenger comfort and cabin design

Integration of smart technologies in cruise ship interiors

Emerging trends in lighting, furniture, and onboard amenities

Attendees walk away with a deeper understanding of market direction and practical insights to implement in their own projects.

Exclusive Networking and Community Engagement

One of CSI’s most celebrated features is its community-focused events that foster networking among the industry's most influential decision-makers. These gatherings are designed to build lasting relationships, encourage collaboration, and open doors to new business opportunities. Cruise lines such as Carnival Cruise Line, Royal Caribbean, Virgin Voyages, and MSC Cruises actively participate, providing attendees with unparalleled access to top executives and procurement specialists.

Co-Located Events Enhance the Expo Experience

CSI also grants attendees exclusive access to two co-located events, enriching the overall value and scope of the experience:

Hotel & Resort Design South (HRDS): This event connects professionals involved in the design of world-class hotels, resorts, and private island destinations across South America and Latin America, broadening perspectives on luxury and hospitality design.

Cruise Xperience Innovation Summit (CXI): Focused on elevating guest experiences, CXI addresses innovations in cabin comfort, dining, immersive attractions, and personalized services, essential for cruise operators aiming to differentiate their offerings.

Together, these events create a comprehensive environment where hospitality and cruise design experts intersect, share knowledge, and collaborate.

Why CSI is Essential for the Cruise Design Industry

The Cruise Ship Interiors Design Expo Americas uniquely bridges the gap between creative design and practical application within the cruise sector. With the cruise industry continually evolving to meet increasing passenger expectations, CSI serves as a critical platform to source innovative solutions, stay ahead of design trends, and foster strategic partnerships.

For designers, architects, outfitters, and cruise line buyers alike, CSI is the go-to event for advancing cruise interior projects that combine functionality, aesthetics, and sustainability. The show not only highlights the best products and technologies but also cultivates a vibrant community dedicated to excellence and innovation in cruise ship design.

In summary, the upcoming CSI event at Miami Beach Convention Center promises an immersive experience that no professional connected to cruise ship interiors can afford to miss. From groundbreaking products and expert insights to invaluable networking and co-located events, CSI truly sets the course for the future of cruise ship interior design.

CEDIA Tech + Business Summit Irvine & Woodland Hills

Discover the Future at CEDIA Tech + Business Summit Irvine & Woodland Hills

The CEDIA Tech + Business Summits in Irvine & Woodland Hills present an exceptional opportunity for those passionate about smart home innovations and integrated technologies. Whether you're an industry veteran or just entering the field, this summit serves as a launchpad for personal growth, professional networking, and technological discovery. From in-depth discussions with industry leaders to firsthand experience with state-of-the-art smart systems, the event seamlessly blends learning with connection.

CEDIA has long been a central figure in promoting the advancement of connected homes and smart living. These summits, sponsored by your area’s independent manufacturers’ representatives, offer more than just exhibitions—they deliver personalized interactions and foster lasting professional relationships.

A Hands-On Approach to the Smart Home Industry

What sets the CEDIA Tech + Business Summits in Irvine & Woodland Hills apart is their unique format. Unlike traditional trade shows, these events are designed for meaningful dialogue and accessible networking. Attendees are encouraged to engage directly with manufacturers, developers, and decision-makers in an intimate, collaborative atmosphere.

The events provide a rare chance to:

Test drive the newest smart home technologies

Ask questions directly to product creators and engineers

Gain insight into industry challenges and innovations

This hands-on format allows for deeper understanding and makes it easier for participants to integrate these innovations into their own businesses.

Learn from the Industry’s Brightest Minds

Sessions That Educate and Inspire

One of the most valuable aspects of attending the CEDIA Tech + Business Summit is access to educational sessions led by recognized thought leaders. These talks aren’t just theoretical—they are packed with actionable insights and grounded in real-world application. Topics range from smart security systems to energy-efficient automation and AI integration.

Speakers include pioneers in residential and commercial technology integration, offering advice on everything from installation best practices to emerging industry trends. Whether you’re refining existing skills or exploring new tech territories, there's a wealth of knowledge to gain.

Stay Ahead of the Curve

Being part of this summit means staying a step ahead in a fast-moving industry. Attendees learn how to work smarter—not harder—by leveraging automation tools, cloud services, and the Internet of Things (IoT). The event focuses on boosting efficiency and maintaining a competitive edge in a landscape where innovation is constant.

Build Stronger Business Connections

Elevate Your Network

Aside from technology, the CEDIA Tech + Business Summit Irvine & Woodland Hills is all about people. The scale of the event allows for intimate, productive conversations that often get lost in the shuffle of larger conventions. You won’t just exchange business cards—you’ll build relationships.

Here’s why these summits are ideal for professional networking:

Direct access to manufacturers and solution providers

Face time with decision-makers and influencers

Opportunities to join collaborative panels or discussion forums

Support from local rep firms who know the regional market

These connections can lead to new partnerships, collaborations, and even business growth opportunities.

Emerging Technologies on Display

Technology demonstrations are at the heart of the CEDIA experience. Attendees will see how smart home tech is evolving, from voice-controlled lighting systems to fully integrated environmental controls and home theaters. The summit showcases products that are not only innovative but also practical for today’s market.

Attendees can expect to explore:

Smart security and surveillance solutions

High-performance audio/visual systems

Automated lighting and climate control

Energy management platforms

AI-enhanced home automation

These technologies represent the cutting edge of home innovation and are selected based on their usability, sustainability, and consumer appeal.

Why You Shouldn’t Miss the CEDIA Tech + Business Summit

Choosing to attend the CEDIA Tech + Business Summits in Irvine & Woodland Hills is more than a professional choice—it's an investment in the future of your business. The personalized format and curated content help every attendee, from small business owners to large integrators, find value and inspiration.

Benefits include:

Deep industry insight tailored to regional needs

Learning directly from those shaping the future of tech

Connecting with peers facing similar challenges

Gaining a competitive edge in a growing marketplace

These summits are where innovation meets application, where ideas evolve into strategies, and where professionals turn vision into action.

In an industry where rapid change is the only constant, staying informed, inspired, and connected is key. The CEDIA Tech + Business Summit Irvine & Woodland Hills provides just that: a place to learn, to collaborate, and to grow. It offers the tools, people, and ideas you need to stay on top of your game in the ever-evolving world of smart home technology.

Whether you're looking to expand your network, adopt new technology, or simply gain fresh perspectives, this summit delivers a high-value experience that resonates long after the event ends. Make sure you’re part of the future—get connected at CEDIA Tech + Business Summit.

Palm Beach Home Design and Remodeling Show

Palm Beach Home Design and Remodeling Show: South Florida’s Premier Event for Interior and Architectural Innovation

Each year, the Palm Beach Home Design and Remodeling Show transforms South Florida into the epicenter of creativity, craftsmanship, and cutting-edge living. This highly anticipated event gathers homeowners, designers, architects, and industry professionals under one roof to explore the latest trends, premium products, and forward-thinking ideas in home design.

More than just an exhibition, this show is a dynamic design experience, offering one-on-one interactions with leading brands, live product demonstrations, expert panels, and a curated showcase of high-end art, home technology, and renovation solutions. Whether you’re remodeling a single room or building your dream home, the event provides the inspiration and expertise you need to bring your vision to life.

A Full Spectrum of Home Design Excellence

The Palm Beach Home Design and Remodeling Show is celebrated for its comprehensive scope, which spans across every corner of residential design. Attendees are immersed in an environment where fine art, home automation, luxury furniture, lighting, and landscaping converge to paint a complete picture of modern living.

Featured Categories Include:

Interior and Exterior Design Solutions

Furniture and Custom Cabinetry

Home Automation and Smart Living Technologies

Fine Art, Decor, and Accessories

Kitchen and Bath Remodeling

Flooring, Roofing, and Outdoor Living Innovations

Green Building Materials and Eco-Friendly Solutions

With hundreds of curated exhibits, visitors are treated to a rich blend of style, substance, and sustainability, offering both aesthetic inspiration and practical takeaways for real-life home projects.

Engage, Discover, and Learn: A Truly Interactive Experience

What sets the Palm Beach Home Design and Remodeling Show apart is its strong focus on interactivity and education. Far from being a static event, the show is built around engagement and exploration, giving visitors direct access to top-tier brands and thought leaders in the design world.

Interactive Opportunities at the Show:

Live Product Demonstrations
Get hands-on with the latest home technology, materials, and appliances. Company representatives are on hand to walk you through features, benefits, and installation techniques.

Expert Discussion Panels
Learn from renowned designers, architects, and renovation specialists as they share insights on topics such as space planning, design psychology, and sustainable materials.

Design Consultations
Meet with professional designers and get personalized advice on your projects—from color palettes to furniture selection and beyond.

Art Installations and Feature Rooms
Walk through fully designed spaces that showcase real-world applications of modern design principles, offering plenty of inspiration for your next upgrade.

Bridging Innovation and Elegance in Every Detail

One of the event’s most celebrated aspects is its commitment to showcasing emerging trends and timeless elegance side by side. Whether you’re drawn to sleek minimalism, coastal chic, or bold maximalism, you’ll find a multitude of styles represented across the showroom floor.

Current Design Trends Highlighted:

Integrated Smart Homes
Automation systems that unify lighting, security, climate control, and entertainment.

Biophilic Design
Nature-inspired materials and layouts that promote well-being and indoor-outdoor harmony.

Sustainable Luxury
High-end finishes with eco-conscious manufacturing and materials.

Multifunctional Spaces
Design approaches that adapt to hybrid work environments and compact living.

As consumer tastes evolve, the show keeps pace, serving as a design compass for both professionals and homeowners who are eager to stay ahead of the curve.

Why Attend the Palm Beach Home Design and Remodeling Show?

Whether you’re a homeowner seeking creative solutions or a design professional scouting new products, the show delivers real value through its immersive experiences, innovative exhibitors, and wealth of inspiration.

Top Reasons to Attend:

Discover New Products
From major appliances to artisanal tilework, explore offerings that are not yet widely available in stores.

Meet Trusted Professionals
Connect with vetted contractors, designers, and suppliers ready to help you execute your next project.

Compare and Plan
Compare different solutions side-by-side, ask informed questions, and develop a clear strategy for your remodel or build.

Enjoy a Day of Creativity
The event is designed to be both informative and enjoyable, with food, art, and family-friendly attractions adding to the vibrant atmosphere.

Connecting the Community Through Design

More than just a showcase of luxury products, the Palm Beach Home Design and Remodeling Show fosters a sense of community. It’s a space where local talent meets international innovation, where industry veterans and up-and-coming designers exchange ideas, and where the public is empowered to make informed, beautiful choices for their living spaces.

Attendees often leave with more than inspiration—they walk away with actual plans, connections, and products that immediately enhance their quality of life at home.

A Must-Attend Event for Design Enthusiasts in South Florida

With its immersive environment, expert-led panels, and diverse exhibitor list, the Palm Beach Home Design and Remodeling Show is the go-to event for anyone passionate about elevating their home’s aesthetic, functionality, and value. The event seamlessly combines education, commerce, and creativity, giving visitors the tools they need to transform their spaces from ordinary to extraordinary.

In the heart of South Florida, where innovation meets luxury living, this show continues to set the gold standard for what a home design event should be. Don’t just renovate—reimagine your space with inspiration from the region’s most celebrated design experience.

TEFAF NEW YORK - FALL

TEFAF, or The European Fine Art Fair, is a prestigious art fair held in Maastricht, Netherlands, and its New York edition serves as a prominent extension of this original event. Since its inception in 2016, TEFAF New York has quickly established itself as a unique gathering for art lovers, collectors, and industry professionals, showcasing an extensive range of artworks and antiques spanning the 17th to the 20th centuries. This includes exquisite paintings, captivating sculptures, intricate glassworks, finely crafted furniture, timepieces, jewelry, photography, and other collectible items.

The fair takes place twice a year, in both spring and autumn, drawing a global audience eager to explore exceptional pieces from various artistic periods and styles. Visitors are treated to an impressive array of unique objects that reflect the rich tapestry of art history, from the wonders of ancient Egypt to contemporary masterpieces. Each exhibition space is thoughtfully curated, allowing attendees to immerse themselves in the diverse artistic expressions that have shaped our cultural landscape.

TEFAF New York not only offers a marketplace for the finest art and antiques but also fosters an environment of engagement and discovery. The fair attracts serious collectors and enthusiasts who appreciate the opportunity to connect with renowned galleries and dealers, gaining insights into the provenance and stories behind each piece. As an annual highlight on the art calendar, TEFAF serves as a vital platform for promoting the importance of fine art and its role in contemporary society.

In addition to its impressive offerings, the fair is also known for its educational programming, including talks and discussions featuring leading experts in the field. These sessions provide valuable context and understanding of the artworks on display, enhancing the overall experience for attendees.

As the art world continues to evolve, TEFAF New York remains a beacon of excellence, celebrating the beauty and significance of fine art and antiquities. For anyone with a passion for art, this fair is an unmissable opportunity to explore, learn, and connect in a vibrant and inspiring setting.

Lightfair International

LightFair stands as a premier event in the lighting industry, providing manufacturers and exhibitors with an unparalleled global platform to showcase their innovations. As a hub for all things lighting, LightFair celebrates the dynamic and multidisciplinary connections that extend beyond lighting itself, reflecting how integral this technology has become across sectors. The event gathers the best and brightest minds from the architectural and commercial lighting industries, creating an environment where the latest trends, products, and technological advancements are not only showcased but explored in depth.

Returning to the Las Vegas Convention Center, LightFair is a five-day extravaganza that serves as the perfect intersection of commercial and architectural lighting. It’s an event that gives industry suppliers the opportunity to push the envelope of innovation while setting new standards in lighting design and technology applications. Whether you're an architect, designer, engineer, or lighting manufacturer, LightFair offers a space for you to stay at the forefront of the rapidly evolving lighting industry.

One of the unique aspects of LightFair is its ability to seamlessly blend education with exhibition. The event features over 100 hours of curated educational programming, designed by the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) and the International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD). Attendees can immerse themselves in self-paced exploration or guided tours, gaining insights into the latest products, solutions, and technological advancements in the world of lighting. The comprehensive educational sessions are tailored to inspire, inform, and equip professionals with the knowledge to push the boundaries of lighting design in their respective fields.

In addition to the extensive educational content, LightFair offers rich networking opportunities. The event brings together thought leaders, designers, manufacturers, and innovators from around the world, facilitating meaningful connections and collaborations. Whether through networking events, product demonstrations, or informal discussions, attendees have countless chances to interact with peers, learn from industry experts, and share insights about the future of lighting.

LightFair’s immersive nature makes it the industry's most inclusive lighting trade show, where you not only discover cutting-edge products but also engage with the latest trends that are shaping the future of lighting. From energy-efficient solutions to smart lighting, from new material innovations to the integration of lighting with IoT (Internet of Things) systems, LightFair covers the full spectrum of lighting technologies. It’s where the evolution of lighting is put on full display, offering opportunities to explore everything from residential and commercial applications to outdoor, healthcare, and theatrical lighting solutions.

Whether you’re looking for new products, seeking inspiration for your next project, or interested in connecting with industry experts, LightFair provides a comprehensive and inspiring platform for everyone in the lighting industry. It’s a celebration of how lighting design continues to shape spaces, enhance experiences, and contribute to sustainability. If lighting is your business, LightFair is the event where you need to be—lighting up Las Vegas with innovation, education, and connection.

El Paso Home Show

The El Paso Home Show is the ultimate destination for homeowners and renovators seeking local expertise and the latest innovations in home improvement. Held annually, this event brings together an impressive array of local and national vendors, covering a wide range of products and services, from home remodeling and outdoor living to home decor, beauty, and DIY solutions. Whether you're looking to upgrade your kitchen, install solar power, or improve your home security, the El Paso Home Show offers everything you need to transform your living space.

One of the event's major draws is its diverse selection of exhibitors showcasing cutting-edge products in home improvement, including roofing, siding, windows, bathrooms, and more. Attendees have the opportunity to interact directly with industry professionals, learning about the newest technologies and trends shaping the future of home design. This exchange of ideas is what makes the El Paso Home Show such a vital event for anyone interested in making informed decisions about their home renovation projects.

As the most trusted trade show in the region, the El Paso Home Show has garnered attention from both seasoned professionals and eager homeowners. It's not just about seeing the products but also about understanding how they work, their benefits, and how they can be integrated into specific home projects. Visitors can take part in live demonstrations, attend expert seminars, and engage with professionals who are eager to share their insights and tips.

With the increasing demand for sustainable home solutions and smart technology, the show highlights the growing importance of energy efficiency, automation, and security systems. It’s the perfect place to discover the latest in solar-powered devices, home automation systems, and innovative security solutions that can make your home smarter, safer, and more efficient.

Whether you're a first-time renovator or a seasoned pro, the El Paso Home Show is an essential event to explore fresh ideas, find trusted experts, and make connections that can help you achieve your home improvement goals. It’s an opportunity to discover the products and services that will help you build the home of your dreams while staying ahead of the curve with the latest market innovations.

F&B AT SEA

The enchanting world of cruise dining and drinking took center stage at the spectacular F&B AT SEA event. With over 120 vendors, exclusive brand activations, and a myriad of exciting experiences, this gathering was the epitome of luxury and innovation in the cruise F&B industry.

Attendees were treated to a captivating journey into the future of cruise dining and drinking. Visionary F&B leaders, renowned chefs, and top mixologists converged to unveil the latest trends and sustainable practices reshaping the cruise industry. From cutting-edge culinary techniques to eco-conscious beverage options, every aspect of the cruise experience was explored and celebrated.
The event offered a rich tapestry of experiences, from curated lunch menus to immersive cocktail masterclasses. Delegates had the opportunity to indulge their senses and expand their culinary horizons, all while forging meaningful connections with industry peers and experts.
But the highlight of the event was undoubtedly the prestigious F&B@Sea Awards, where excellence and innovation in cruise dining and drinking were recognized and celebrated. From innovative menu concepts to exceptional service standards, the awards showcased the best and brightest in the industry, inspiring others to reach new heights of culinary excellence.

Overall, F&B AT SEA was a resounding success, offering a glimpse into the future of cruise dining and drinking while celebrating the creativity, passion, and ingenuity of the industry's brightest minds. As the sun set on another unforgettable event, attendees departed with a renewed sense of inspiration and excitement for the future of cruise F&B.

New Orleans Home & Garden Show

The New Orleans Home & Garden Show is a highly anticipated event that draws an eclectic mix of home improvement professionals, gardening enthusiasts, and design aficionados to explore the latest advancements and trends in residential living. Hosted annually, this renowned event has become a vital meeting place for those looking to elevate their homes, gardens, and outdoor living spaces. It brings together industry leaders, innovators, and experts from around the globe, creating an unmatched environment for sharing cutting-edge ideas and expertise.

As one of the leading shows of its kind in the United States, the New Orleans Home & Garden Show is a one-stop destination for everything related to home design, renovation, and landscaping. From new kitchen and bathroom solutions to sophisticated outdoor decor and innovative landscaping techniques, the event showcases a comprehensive range of products and services that cater to every aspect of home improvement. Visitors can expect to find the latest building materials, supplies, and appliances that bring style, functionality, and sustainability to modern homes.

What makes this event even more compelling is the educational component. The show offers a diverse selection of seminars and workshops, where attendees can learn from the best in the business. These sessions delve into a wide variety of topics, such as sustainable gardening practices, the integration of smart home technology, and design trends that are shaping the future of interiors and exteriors. It’s an invaluable opportunity for homeowners, contractors, and designers alike to gain insights that can elevate their projects and deepen their understanding of the latest innovations in the industry.

Another highlight of the New Orleans Home & Garden Show is the opportunity to connect with key players in the industry. Whether you’re a homeowner looking for advice on your next renovation or a professional seeking partnerships and business opportunities, the event facilitates networking that can lead to fruitful collaborations and new ventures.

What sets this exhibition apart is its emphasis on both inspiration and practical solutions. It’s not just about seeing the newest products; it’s about understanding how they can be applied to real-world projects. The event helps attendees not only envision what their homes could become but also equips them with the knowledge and tools to turn those dreams into reality.

Whether you’re looking to renovate your space, improve your garden, or simply get inspired by the latest in design and innovation, the New Orleans Home & Garden Show is a must-attend event. It brings together the best of the home and garden world under one roof, providing a unique platform for discovery, learning, and networking that truly makes a difference for those passionate about creating beautiful, functional living spaces.

Annual Arkansas Pen Show

The Arkansas Pen Show, now celebrating its 42nd year in 2025, is more than just an event—it is a celebration of the artistry, craftsmanship, and passion that surrounds the world of writing instruments. Hosted annually by the Arkansas Pen Club, this gathering has grown far beyond its humble beginnings in 1983 at the Vanness Pen Store. What started as a modest get-together has blossomed into one of the most anticipated pen shows in the country, drawing enthusiasts, collectors, and exhibitors from across the nation to Little Rock, Arkansas.

Held every year with a welcoming spirit, the show offers an accessible experience for all, with a weekend admission of only $10, and free entry for children under 12. This affordability ensures that families, collectors, and those new to the world of pens can all partake in the experience. The Arkansas Pen Show has something to offer everyone, whether you are looking for a rare vintage pen, a new modern writing tool, or exquisite ink and stationery that elevate the act of writing to an art form.

The event is not just a marketplace but a hub of knowledge and creativity. Vendors fill the show floor with an impressive array of pens, inks, papers, and other stationery products, ensuring attendees have a rich selection to browse. Whether you're on the hunt for a collectible fountain pen or simply seeking the perfect ink to complement your writing style, the Arkansas Pen Show serves as a treasure trove for all things related to fine writing.

For those looking to dive deeper into the art of writing, the show features several enriching activities. Expert-led roundtable sessions provide intimate, informative discussions about the history, design, and future of writing instruments, offering an opportunity to learn directly from those who know the industry best. The workshops, which cover everything from the intricacies of copperplate script to the science of inks, allow attendees to sharpen their skills and expand their understanding of the writing world. These workshops are often free with admission, making it easy for anyone to participate and enhance their knowledge.

In addition to the educational offerings, the Arkansas Pen Show fosters a festive, community-oriented atmosphere. Attendees can take part in exciting prize giveaways, enjoy refreshments, and mingle with other pen lovers. It's a rare opportunity to meet fellow collectors, writers, and artisans, all of whom share a mutual appreciation for the beauty and functionality of fine writing instruments.

The show enjoys the support of a prestigious group of sponsors, including ART Outfitters, Newton Pens, Grifos Pens of Italy, Hinze Pens, Pen World Magazine, and Vanness Pen Shop. These sponsors contribute to the show's growth and success, helping it evolve into a vibrant event that not only showcases products but also elevates the entire pen community. Their involvement ensures that the Arkansas Pen Show remains a top-tier event for both newcomers and seasoned collectors alike.

For those traveling from out of town, the nearby Four Points by Sheraton Little Rock West offers a group rate for convenient accommodations, making it easier for attendees to fully immerse themselves in the weekend’s events. Whether you’re attending for the first time or returning for another year, the Arkansas Pen Show offers something unique for every visitor.

As the event marks its 42nd year, it is clear that the Arkansas Pen Show is more than just a display of pens and accessories—it is a gathering that honors the craft of writing and the people who keep it alive. It’s a place where passion, history, and innovation come together, offering a space for both seasoned collectors and newcomers to connect, learn, and share their love for fine writing. The Arkansas Pen Show continues to evolve, growing in scale and importance with each passing year, ensuring that it remains a must-attend event for anyone who values the written word and the tools that make it possible.

Maine Home Show AUBURN

The Maine Home Show, presented by Hammond Lumber Company, is the ultimate destination for anyone seeking inspiration and expertise for home improvement and renovation projects. This expansive event offers an incredible variety of products and services from a diverse range of industries, making it an invaluable resource for homeowners, builders, and design enthusiasts. Whether you're looking to create your dream backyard with landscaping and pool services, enhance your home’s energy efficiency with the latest weatherization technologies, or embark on a full-scale home renovation, the Maine Home Show provides all the tools and ideas you need to get started.

Exhibitors showcase the latest innovations in home construction and remodeling, including new construction materials, additions, windows and doors, and even specialized solutions like lawn care equipment, power tools, and generator systems. The show is a one-stop shop for everything needed to build or upgrade your home, allowing visitors to explore the newest trends in building and design. From modern kitchen and bathroom designs to sustainable home technologies and green products, there's no shortage of fresh ideas and functional solutions to help you transform your space.

In addition to a vast array of products, the Maine Home Show also offers invaluable educational opportunities. Local industry professionals will be available to share design tips, provide expert guidance, and help visitors navigate the complexities of home improvement. Whether you're looking for guidance on maximizing space in your home, incorporating eco-friendly materials, or tackling specific projects like weatherproofing or home energy management, the event’s design experts will be on hand to assist every step of the way.

One of the unique aspects of the Maine Home Show is its emphasis on green and health-related products. As the demand for environmentally friendly and wellness-oriented solutions in home design grows, the show highlights the latest innovations in sustainable building practices, eco-conscious materials, and wellness-driven home products. Attendees can discover how to make their homes more energy-efficient, reduce their environmental footprint, and create spaces that support healthier lifestyles.

Furthermore, for those considering financing their home projects, representatives from banks, credit unions, and mortgage lenders will be present to offer advice and solutions tailored to home improvement and construction financing. This makes the Maine Home Show not only a place for discovering products but also a valuable resource for navigating the financial aspects of home renovations and upgrades.

From the latest home gadgets to expert design consultations and financing options, the Maine Home Show is a comprehensive event designed to inspire, inform, and connect homeowners with the tools and resources they need to bring their home improvement dreams to life. Whether you’re just starting out with a simple project or looking to undertake a major renovation, this is the perfect opportunity to explore new ideas, find trusted professionals, and get the advice you need to make your home the best it can be.

DENVER HOME SHOW

The Denver Home Show is a premier event in the realm of home innovation and design, held annually in March at the National Western Complex in Denver, Colorado. This highly anticipated fair draws a diverse audience, from homeowners and professionals to enthusiasts eager to explore the latest trends and products in the home improvement industry. Organized by Marketplace Events, a well-respected name in consumer and trade expos, the show is designed to create a dynamic, interactive platform that showcases innovations and fosters valuable business relationships.

Spanning a wide range of topics, the Denver Home Show covers everything from interior design and renovation to landscaping and the latest advancements in smart home technology. Attendees can expect to see a vast array of products and services, including kitchen and bathroom renovations, flooring options, windows and doors, home automation systems, and gardening supplies. This comprehensive selection makes the fair an ideal destination for gathering inspiration, exchanging ideas with experts, and discovering cutting-edge innovations for various home projects.

In addition to the extensive product displays, the event features a variety of workshops, seminars, and live demonstrations led by industry experts and designers. These educational opportunities not only provide insights into current home improvement trends but also empower visitors with practical knowledge for their DIY endeavors. Whether one is looking to embark on a significant home renovation or simply seeking tips to enhance their living space, the Denver Home Show offers valuable resources and guidance.

The high attendance and exhibitor satisfaction at the Denver Home Show underscore its significance for anyone interested in home improvement and design. As a cornerstone event in the industry, it provides a unique opportunity for attendees to connect, learn, and explore the latest innovations that can transform their homes. Join the community of homeowners and professionals this March to experience the excitement and inspiration that the Denver Home Show promises to deliver.

Leducation

LEDucation, organized by the Designers Lighting Forum of New York (DLFNY), stands as a premier event dedicated to the world of solid-state lighting innovations. This unique, non-profit event serves as a marketplace where industry professionals can explore the latest lighting technologies while enhancing their knowledge through a wide range of accredited seminars. With a focus on advancing lighting design and education, LEDucation brings together designers, engineers, manufacturers, and other lighting experts to share insights, discover new products, and discuss the future of lighting technology.

The event not only showcases cutting-edge innovations in LED lighting but also plays a vital role in promoting continued education within the industry. Through its comprehensive seminar program, LEDucation provides attendees with the opportunity to stay ahead of the curve, gaining valuable knowledge from industry leaders on topics ranging from design trends to technical advancements. These seminars are accredited, allowing participants to earn continuing education credits, making it an ideal venue for professional development.

As a non-profit event, LEDucation’s proceeds go towards supporting a wide array of educational initiatives. The DLFNY uses the funds raised to make significant contributions to lighting education in New York and beyond. Donations are made to local lighting programs at prestigious institutions such as Parsons, The New York School of Interior Design (NYSID), and the Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT). Additionally, the event funds two annual DLFNY student awards and provides scholarships to lighting students at these schools, helping to foster the next generation of lighting professionals. Proceeds also benefit the Nuckolls Fund for Lighting Education, which supports lighting education programs at colleges and universities nationwide.

Beyond its educational initiatives, LEDucation supports the DLFNY’s ongoing efforts to promote lighting education by funding various programs and project-site educational events conducted by design professionals. The event’s commitment to providing valuable resources to students and professionals alike ensures that the lighting industry continues to evolve with a well-informed, skilled workforce.

LEDucation is more than just an exhibition; it’s an opportunity for industry professionals to engage in meaningful learning and contribute to the growth of lighting education. By participating in this event, attendees not only gain access to the latest products and technologies but also support initiatives that are shaping the future of the lighting profession.

NEW YORK BUILD EXPO

New York Build has emerged as the largest construction and design show for New York and the Tri-state region, enjoying official support from the State of New York. This vibrant event attracts over 35,000 registered visitors, including contractors, architects, civil engineers, realtors, developers, and various construction professionals, making it a pivotal gathering in the industry.

With more than 500 speakers across 15 conference tracks, New York Build covers a wide range of topics that shape the future of construction. From digital innovation and sustainability to fire safety and diversity in the workforce, the conference provides invaluable insights and discussions led by industry experts. AIA CES accredited training workshops further enrich the experience, offering attendees the chance to gain professional development and enhance their skills.

One of the standout features of New York Build is its dynamic atmosphere, often described as the USA's biggest Festival of Construction. The event is not just about business; it’s infused with energy, featuring DJs, live performances, and entertainment that create an engaging environment for networking and collaboration. The Architect’s Hub showcases project displays and 3D models from leading architects across the nation, providing a glimpse into the future of design and construction.

Additionally, the Government Hub plays a crucial role in connecting suppliers with government agencies, offering insights into how businesses can participate in upcoming projects. Exclusive networking events, including the USA’s largest networking opportunity for Women in Construction, highlight the show’s commitment to inclusivity and diversity. The Ambassador Programme further supports these initiatives, fostering a community that champions the involvement of women and underrepresented groups in the construction industry.

With over 400 exhibitors showcasing the latest solutions, technologies, and innovations, New York Build serves as a vital platform for businesses looking to advance their offerings and establish connections. The blend of education, entertainment, and networking opportunities makes this event not just a trade show, but a celebration of the construction industry’s potential and progress. As the landscape of construction continues to evolve, New York Build stands at the forefront, shaping the dialogue and fostering collaboration among professionals dedicated to building a better future.

Columbia Home & Landscape Expo

The annual Columbia Home & Landscape Expo, held at the Columbia Metropolitan Convention Center in South Carolina, has become a key destination for homeowners, designers, and construction professionals seeking the latest innovations in home and garden remodeling. Organized by L&L Exhibition Management Inc., the expo is a vibrant marketplace where attendees can explore everything from kitchen and bathroom remodels to advanced smart home solutions. With a focus on interior and exterior design, construction, and cutting-edge technologies, the event provides a comprehensive platform for those looking to transform their living spaces.

This event showcases a vast range of products and services, covering essential areas such as kitchen cabinetry, countertops, flooring options, and energy-efficient windows. There are also solutions for basement finishing, waterproofing, and even conservatories and home extensions. The emphasis on modern and sustainable living is evident, with many exhibitors highlighting eco-friendly products and smart home automation systems that improve comfort and efficiency. 

One of the highlights of the expo is the interactive workshops and expert-led lectures, where visitors can gain practical advice on how to incorporate the latest trends into their own homes. These sessions cover everything from cutting-edge home technologies to the design of beautiful and functional outdoor spaces, making the event both informative and engaging.

As part of a national series of expos, the Columbia Home & Landscape Expo offers a unique opportunity for networking and sharing ideas on a broader scale. It draws professionals from the construction, architectural, and interior design sectors, as well as a wide range of public attendees eager to learn about the newest developments in home design. The event fosters a spirit of collaboration and inspiration, making it an unmissable gathering for anyone passionate about home and garden renovations.

Located in the heart of Columbia, the convention center offers a prime venue for this bustling expo. Its central location and excellent facilities provide the perfect environment for both exhibitors and visitors, ensuring that the event runs smoothly and remains accessible to all.

Overall, the Columbia Home & Landscape Expo stands as an essential event for those interested in modernizing their homes or improving their outdoor spaces. It offers the opportunity to discover the latest trends, connect with industry leaders, and gain valuable insights into creating more sustainable and comfortable living environments.

Kitchen & Bath Industry Show

KBIS (Kitchen & Bath Industry Show) is the ultimate destination for professionals in the kitchen and bath design industries, as well as design enthusiasts who are passionate about innovation and style. Recognized as the premier event of its kind, KBIS stands as a platform that showcases the latest trends, state-of-the-art products, and breakthrough technologies in kitchen and bath design. It offers an immersive experience, combining hands-on demonstrations with expert-led sessions, all while fostering opportunities to connect with the top minds and innovators in the industry.

The event goes beyond simply showcasing products—it creates a dynamic environment where creativity and functionality collide. Attendees can explore stunning product launches, gain insights from industry leaders, and be inspired by the very latest in design trends and technological advancements. From luxury kitchens to efficient and stylish bath spaces, KBIS captures every aspect of transforming living environments.

Whether you're a designer, builder, architect, or enthusiast looking to stay ahead of the curve, KBIS is an unmissable event. It provides not only a first look at upcoming products but also valuable opportunities for networking and collaboration across the industry. As we look ahead to 2025, KBIS promises to be another spectacular event, packed with inspiration and innovation that will shape the future of kitchen and bath design.

Birmingham Home Show

The Birmingham Home Show is a highly anticipated annual event that brings together home enthusiasts, industry experts, and professionals from across the region every February. Organized by Marketplace Events, one of North America's leading consumer show organizers, the fair serves as a central hub for everything related to home and garden. Whether you are a homeowner looking to renovate, a DIY enthusiast, or a professional in the field, this event provides a wealth of products, services, and expert knowledge to help transform any space.

Focusing on the latest trends in home renovation, decoration, landscaping, and garden design, the Birmingham Home Show is a showcase of innovation and creativity. With an impressive range of exhibits, visitors can explore everything from interior and exterior decoration to kitchen and bathroom remodeling. The event also features a diverse collection of products such as flooring, windows, doors, and other essential home improvement materials. The breadth of topics covered ensures that there is something for everyone, whether you’re looking to update a single room or completely overhaul your home.

One of the key highlights of the show is the involvement of industry experts and renowned personalities. These experts bring their knowledge and experience to the event, offering workshops, lectures, and personal consultations. This interactive aspect of the show allows visitors to gain valuable insights, tips, and inspiration that can be directly applied to their own home projects. Whether you’re seeking advice on a specific renovation or looking for creative ideas for your garden, the Birmingham Home Show provides the perfect environment for learning and discovering new possibilities.

The fair is hosted at the Birmingham-Jefferson Convention Complex (BJCC), a spacious and modern venue located in the heart of Birmingham. With its impressive architecture and state-of-the-art facilities, the BJCC offers an ideal setting for exhibitions of all kinds. The central location of the venue ensures that it is easily accessible for both local and regional visitors, making it a popular destination for anyone interested in home and garden improvements.

Overall, the Birmingham Home Show stands out as an essential event for anyone looking to enhance their living spaces. By combining a vast array of innovative products with expert knowledge and interactive experiences, the show offers a comprehensive platform for exploring the latest trends and discovering solutions for home projects. Whether you are embarking on a simple update or planning a major renovation, this event provides all the tools, inspiration, and connections needed to bring your vision to life.

Seattle Home & Garden Show

The Seattle Home Show isn’t just about showcasing products and services; it’s also an educational experience that offers visitors a wealth of knowledge to guide them through the complexities of home remodeling and design. Whether you’re a first-time homeowner looking to renovate or an experienced real estate investor seeking the latest trends, the event provides an opportunity to gain insights into everything from the basics of home construction to the most cutting-edge innovations in home automation.

One of the highlights of the show is the opportunity to see real-life examples of remodeled homes. These displays offer visitors the chance to step inside fully redesigned spaces, showcasing the possibilities of transforming a home with modern design and advanced technologies. From sleek kitchens with smart appliances to cozy living rooms featuring the latest furniture trends, these home showcases provide inspiration and practical ideas for every budget.

Moreover, the Seattle Home Show is a prime opportunity for home improvement enthusiasts to network with like-minded individuals. Beyond the professional connections made with contractors and designers, visitors can also meet other homeowners who share similar interests and challenges. This communal aspect of the show creates a sense of camaraderie among attendees, fostering an environment where ideas and experiences can be shared, and new friendships or partnerships can be formed.

The seminars, workshops, and demonstrations that take place throughout the event are tailored to help visitors understand the latest technologies in home remodeling. Topics can range from sustainable design practices to incorporating smart home features that enhance convenience and energy efficiency. Experts in various fields discuss the benefits of using eco-friendly materials, highlight the importance of energy-efficient home systems, and demonstrate how to implement design ideas that maximize space and functionality.

For those who have specific queries or concerns about their home projects, the show provides direct access to specialists who can offer personalized advice. Visitors can consult with experts about everything from budget-friendly remodeling solutions to the most efficient ways to tackle home improvement challenges. The ability to speak directly with professionals allows visitors to gain clarity on their own remodeling projects and explore options that they might not have considered.

Ultimately, the Seattle Home Show is not just an exhibition, but an experience that empowers homeowners, real estate agents, and design professionals alike. With its comprehensive mix of displays, expert advice, and opportunities for networking, the event has solidified its place as an essential gathering for anyone looking to make their dream home a reality. Whether you're remodeling a single room or embarking on an extensive home overhaul, the Seattle Home Show provides the resources, inspiration, and connections to help turn any vision into a beautiful, functional space.